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(2009). An unpaired t test was performed using BLZ945 nmr GraphPad software to assess whether the differences between control and infected groups were significant or not. p?values BMS-754807 mw is the recipient of the Canadian Research Chair in Cellular Microbiology. N.M. was partly supported by a doctoral studentship from the Fondation Armand-Frappier. The Center for Host-Parasite Interactions is supported by the Fonds Qu��b��cois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies. ""Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis, which is characterized by inflammatory diarrhea. Although the normal intestine is largely inhabited by commensal microbes, which largely include Bacteroides and Firmicutes, inflammation enhances the colonization of S. Typhimurium and other Enterobacteriaceae ( Barman et?al., 2008, Lawley et?al., 2008, Lupp et?al., 2007?and?Stecher et?al., 2007). Recent studies have shown that S. Typhimurium thrives in the inflamed gut because it can utilize unique carbon and energy sources ( Thiennimitr et?al., 2011?and?Winter et?al., 2010) and is resistant to antimicrobial proteins that are secreted by the host as part of the nutritional immune response ( Liu et?al., 2012?and?Raffatellu et?al., 2009). S. Typhimurium employs specialized transporters to acquire essential micronutrient metals ( Liu et?al., 2012?and?Raffatellu et?al., 2009), one of the most important being iron ( Crouch et?al., 2008?and?Raffatellu et?al., 2009). Levels of free iron are extremely low in the host environment because of sequestration by host proteins, including heme, ferritin, transferrin, and lactoferrin ( Andrews and Schmidt, INSRR 2007). Additional mechanisms are employed by the host to further limit iron availability during inflammation ( Weinberg, 1984), including secretion of the hormone hepcidin, which prevents the gut from absorbing iron from the bloodstream by inhibiting the iron transporter ferroportin 1 ( Ganz, 2003). When starved for iron, bacteria synthesize and export small-molecule high-affinity iron chelators termed siderophores. Enterochelin is a catecholate-type siderophore secreted by all?Enterobacteriaceae, including Salmonella and commensal E.?coli ( Raymond et?al.