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, St Louis, MO, USA). Angiotensin II was administered subcutaneously at a rate of 150 ng kg?1 min?1 by osmotic minipump (model 2ML2; Durect Corp., Cupertino, CA, USA). The minipump implantation was done under isoflurane anaesthesia immediately following measurements on day 5 of the protocol. This dose and route of Ang II administration was chosen for comparison of the findings with our previous studies (Osborn & Fink, 2010; Osborn et al. 2011. Although we have not measured plasma Ang II in these conditions, others have reported diglyceride that this protocol results in a small increase of plasma Ang II that is well within the physiological range (Huang et al. 2010). Upon completion of the protocol, rats were anaesthetized using the cocktail as described above and perfused intracardially with 4% paraformaldehyde. Whole brains were dissected and soaked in 4% paraformaldehyde overnight and then transferred to a 30% sucrose solution for a minimum of 2 days. Frozen serial sagittal sections (40 ��m) were made at the lateral edge of the third ventricle, mounted on slides and stained for Nissl substance with Cresyl Violet stain. Confirmation of complete SFO lesion I-BET-762 solubility dmso or intact SFO (Sham) was made under light microscopy. All values are presented as 24 h means �� SEM. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to determine significant differences between and within groups. The Holm�CSidek post hoc test was used to determine between-group differences at specified sampling intervals using Sigmastat software (SPSS Science, Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was defined as P IOX1 HR throughout the protocol; therefore, tethered and non-tethered animals were combined for subsequent analysis and are presented as two groups, SFOx (n= 17) and Sham (n= 20). Shown in the left panels of Fig. 3 are the MAP (top left) and HR responses (bottom left) of Sham and SFOx rats to Ang II administration. A significant difference between groups was revealed by ANOVA for MAP (F= 10.84, P= 0.002) but not HR (F= 0.613, P= 0.439). During the 5 day control period, MAP in SFOx was slightly lower, but was not statistically different from Sham rats, and HR was similar in SFOx and Sham groups.