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Oxygenation index (OI) ([(fraction of inspired oxygen)(mean airway pressure)(100)]/PaO2), mean airway pressure, dynamic lung function, secretions cleared and histological alterations were studied in all groups. Mean airway pressure and OI were significantly lower in the CV and HFPV groups compared to the HFOV group (P?GSK1210151A nmr Inc. ""Interferon-�� (IFN-��) release assay (IGRA) is used for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and for serial testing of active tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of IGRA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of children with LTBI and children with TB. IGRA was performed in BCG vaccinated children before and six months after the beginning of treatment. A total RhoC of 59 BCG vaccinated children aged 4�C18 years were investigated due to exposure to active TB. The participants were divided into two groups: Group 1, children with LTBI (N?=?41), and Group 2, children with TB (N?=?18). IGRA (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube) was performed twice, i.e., before treatment and at the end of prophylaxis and therapy. There was no significant difference in IFN-�� concentrations between Group 1 and Group 2 subjects either before or after the treatment. Difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment IFN-�� concentrations compared in either Group 1 or Group 2 was not statistically significant. During follow-up, children with LTBI did not develop active TB. In addition, in children with TB, signs and symptoms of TB improved with anti-TB therapy. This study showed that the concentrations of IFN-�� did not differ in children with LTBI and TB either before or at the end INCB024360 of treatment. IGRA may remain positive over a long period of time. It seems that IGRA is not useful for monitoring treatment of children with LTBI and children with TB. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:401�C408. ? 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ""To evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment of ciprofloxacin and glucocorticoid for child refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) pneumonia. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of six pediatric refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia cases treated with ciprofloxacin and glucocorticoids were reported. Five cases complicated with pleural effusion. The average febrile period prior to admission was 8.5?��?2.0 days, the average total febrile period was 14.6?��?7.6 days, and the average febrile period after treatment was 3.3?��?3.0 days. The average time in hospital for patients was 23.6?��?4.8 days. The initial mean WBC count was 10,100?��?2,400/mm3.