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8, R?=?0.815 (p?Megestrol Acetate cytokines, we hypothesized that Fn-fs play a key role in Selleck Birinapant PTOA by promoting chondrolysis in and around injured cartilage. To test this hypothesis, we profiled the catabolic events focusing on fibronectin fragmentation and proteinase expression in bovine osteochondral explants following a single blunt impact on cartilage with a drop tower device which created partial-thickness tissue damage. Injured and control explants were cultured for up to 14 days. The presence of Fn-fs, MMPs (-1, -3, -13), ADAMTS-5 in culture media and in cartilage was determined with immunoblotting. The daily proteoglycan (PG) depletion of cartilage matrix was assessed with DMMB assay. The effect of explant-conditioned Gemcitabine chemical structure media on chondrocytes was also examined with immunoblotting. Impacted cartilage released significantly higher amount of native Fn, three chondrolytic Fn-fs and PG than non-impacted controls did. Those increases coincided with up-regulation of MMP-3 both in culture media and in impacted cartilage. These findings support our hypothesis that PTOA may be propelled by Fn-fs which act as catabolic mediators through up-regulating cartilage-damaging proteinases. ? 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:811�C818, 2014. ""In order to develop a model for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), 143B human osteosarcoma cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) were injected into the intramedullary cavity of the tibia in nude mice. The fluorescent areas of residual tumors after bright-light surgery (BLS) and FGS were 10.2?��?2.4?mm2 and 0.1?��?0.1?mm2, respectively (p?