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1A) using confocal microscopy. Podosome like structures were observed on the ventral surface of these cells. The trophoblast cells were subsequently plated on AlexaFluor-546 fluorescently learn more labelled 0.2% gelatin for 16?h to visualise if these invasive protrusions were capable of penetrating and degrading the matrix. Fig. 1B shows structures which were composed of cortactin that were capable of invading completely through the matrix. We also found trophoblast cells are able to completely degrade the matrix over longer time periods (48?h) (Fig. 1C) during which the cells migrate across the surface of the gelatin. Trophoblasts were seeded on 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% concentrations of gelatin and the degrading activity compared. Degrading activity was assessed in untreated conditions and invasive podosomes were witnessed in all concentrations of gelatin. 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl A significant difference in the level of degradation was observed when comparing the higher gelatin concentrations to the 0.2% gelatin concentration. Fig. 2A and B clearly show the difference in matrix degradation levels, in particular the area of degradation between trophoblasts grown on 0.2% (Fig. 2A) and 1% (Fig. 2B) over the same incubation period. A clear increasing trend was observed in area and intensity of degradation as the concentration increased. However, the percentage of degrading cells had no significant differences as the lowest concentration of BLU9931 solubility dmso gelatin had almost 100% of cells degrading the matrix (Fig. 2C). Cell-types which are known to display invadopodia and podosomes were compared to trophoblast cells. The breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 for invadopodia and the macrophage cell line, IC-21 was chosen as a model for podosomes (Fig. 3A and B respectively). The degrading activity of these cells was compared to the degrading activity of trophoblasts, which was found to be similar to the behaviour of IC-21?cells than the MDA-MB-231?cells. The total degraded area was significantly higher (IC-21, P?