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Known gender differences in plasma ghrelin see more levels prompted us to investigate genetic variation of the ghrelin signaling system in females with severe alcohol dependence (n?=?113) and in a selected control sample of female low-consumers of alcohol from a large cohort study in southwest Sweden (n?=?212). Methods:? Six tag SNPs in the GHRL (rs696217, rs3491141, rs4684677, rs35680, rs42451, and rs26802) and four tag SNPs in the GHSR (rs495225, rs2232165, rs572169, and rs2948694) were genotyped in all individuals. Results:? We found that one GHRL haplotype was associated with reports of paternal alcohol dependence as well as with reports of withdrawal symptoms in the female alcohol-dependent group. Associations with 2 GHSR haplotypes and smoking were also shown. One of these haplotypes was also negatively associated with BMI in controls, while another haplotype was associated with having the early-onset, more heredity-driven, type 2 form of alcohol dependence in the patient group. Conclusion:? Taken together, the genes encoding the ghrelin signaling system cannot be regarded as major susceptibility genes for female alcohol find more dependence, but is, however, involved in paternal heritability and may affect other reward- and energy-related factors such as smoking and BMI. ""Influenced by several trials and reviews highlighting positive outcomes, topiramate is increasingly prescribed as a treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The only previously published meta-analysis of topiramate for AUDs was limited by a sample of only 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic search PRDX4 identified 7 RCTs (including a total of 1,125 participants) that compared topiramate to placebo for the treatment for AUDs. This meta-analysis estimated the overall effects of topiramate on abstinence, heavy drinking, craving, and ��-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) outcomes and included several sensitivity analyses to account for the small sample of studies. Overall, the small to moderate effects favored topiramate, although the effect on craving was not quite significantly different from 0. The largest effect was found on abstinence (g?=?0.468, p?