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This produced a pair of t values for each node on the cortical surface; one t value for the upper visual field presentation sequence and one t value for lower. Such t maps were thresholded at p Oxymatrine respectively��as expected given the retinotopic organisation of V1, V2, and V3 (Schira et al., 2009)��and are shown for an example participant in Fig. 2. Figure 2 Cortical regions corresponding to upper and lower visual field presentation. Response amplitude To analyse the response amplitude elicited by image patches sourced from above and below fixation and presented in either the upper or lower visual field, we first spatially averaged the response timecourses for the upper and lower visual field presentation masks (see Localiser for how such masks were defined and Fig. 2 for example masks). We then used such data to conduct separate GLMs for the upper and lower visual field presentation Imatinib conditions, with each GLM using separate regressors for image patches sourced from the lower and upper visual fields. The beta weights obtained from each GLM for each condition were then converted to percent signal change via division by the temporal average of the polynomial regressor timecourse. This procedure yielded an estimate of the response, in percent signal change units, elicited by each image (30), patch source (above, below), presentation location (upper, lower), visual area (V1, V2, V3), and participant. We performed a three-way repeated measures ANOVA (visual area: V1, V2, V3; presentation: upper, lower; source: above, below) on such response amplitude estimates learn more (averaged over images). Violations of the assumption of sphericity were corrected by using Huynh-Feldt coefficients to reduce the effective degrees of freedom when assessing statistical significance, where appropriate. The complete results from this analysis are presented in Table S1. Image patch analysis For each image (30), vertical source location (above, below), and horizontal source location (left, right), we extracted the pixel values from a square region (353 �� 353) in the display window as viewed by observers in the experiment. Each pixel was then transformed into DKL space (Derrington, Krauskopf & Lennie, 1984) using the methods described by Lu & Dosher (2014) and Brainard (1996). Briefly, the CIE coordinates of the red, green, and blue channels of the monitor (as measured with a colorimeter) were used to transform the pixel values into DKL space: an achromatic axis and two isoluminant chromatic axes. We characterised each image, vertical source location, horizontal source location, and DKL axis by the mean and standard deviation of its pixel values and by the output of Gabor filters with differing spatial frequency and orientation preferences.