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We conducted community-level analyses and examined the reasons for differences through single-species analyses. We projected species distributions under 0�C3�� warming, comparing biodiversity loss predicted by topoclimate and macroclimate variables. At the community level, the topoclimatic variables explained significant variation (p?Cisplatin better (as determined by AIC) than macroclimate for grass species living in cold extremes under topoclimate and most fern species. Models using topoclimatic temperature variables projected different locations of biodiversity loss/retention and in general projected substantially fewer species becoming critically endangered in the study region than models using macroclimatic temperature variables �C in one scenario, topoclimate projected 10% of species becoming critically endangered where macroclimate projected 28%. How climate variables are constructed has a significant effect on species distribution models and any subsequent climate check details change predictions. Misleading conclusions may result from models based on fine-resolution climate data if climate-forcing factors such as cold air drainage, topography and habitat have not been addressed in the climate mapping methodology. ""64891" "Aim? The increasing number and availability of online databases of alien species beg a question of their comparability given most do not adopt standard criteria in the definition of species status or taxonomic treatment and vary in their comprehensiveness. In this study, we compare the consistency Selleck Onalespib of two major European databases for the regions they have in common. We assess whether they use consistent terminology to classify species status, provide similar taxonomic classification and coverage, deliver comparable estimates of alien richness per country and identify comparable correlates of alien richness. Location? Northern Europe. Methods? Data on the total number of alien species as well as the number of established alien species were extracted from the online databases DAISIE and NOBANIS for 13 European countries and classified into comparable taxonomic groups. Analyses across countries examined trends in alien species richness, correlations among taxonomic groups and the explanatory power of population density, country area and per capita GDP on alien species richness. Results? Alien species richness, intertaxon correlations and the significance of individual drivers of invasion were all strongly database dependent. Differences were more marked for total numbers of aliens than established aliens.