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S. with validation of OE-based gestational age using early ultrasound as the criterion standard. The socio-economic and ethnic diversity of the sample allows identification of population subgroups in whom OE may be Dabrafenib measured with less reliability or validity. For example, 53.5% of our sample was Hispanic mothers, who had 1.4 times the adjusted odds of 14-or-more-day differences between the two sources of gestational age estimates compared with white non-Hispanic mothers. In addition, the large sample size in this study permits evaluation of the sensitivity of OE for births Talazoparib clinical trial sample, only women who were enrolled in XAFP and who had early ultrasound dating of pregnancy were included. Early ultrasounds are recommended by ACOG for the diagnosis of major fetal anomalies, for determining accurate gestational age, and for detecting fetal growth disturbances or abnormalities in amniotic fluid volume.[6] To the extent that our sample received an early ultrasound to get a more accurate gestational age, the OE in our sample may perform better than the OE in a sample of women who did not get an early ultrasound. However, it is possible that a certain percentage of women in our sample received an early ultrasound for reasons other than dating. Thus, binedaline the level of bias in our sample is unknown, and the quality of OE-based gestational age in the absence of early ultrasound is worthy of further investigation. The findings of this sample may not be generalisable to the US population, as California tends to have a greater proportion of births to Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander women and fewer births among non-Hispanic Black women and teenagers, compared with the U.S. population.[7] California's preterm birth rate is also lower than the national preterm birth rate �C potentially further impacting the generalisability of these findings. Early ultrasound has been established clinically as the criterion standard; studies have found that early ultrasound-based formulas are fairly accurate for gestational age dating, with random errors of ��10 days.[8] However, some inherent biases exist with this source of measurement. When dating gestational age using early ultrasound, fetuses with characteristics associated with small fetal size, such as first births and female sex, were found to be systematically dated 1�C2 days younger than second or later births and male-sex fetuses,[9, 10] whereas fetuses of obese women were more likely to be dated older.