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Infusions of I/H were well tolerated by all the subjects. Data for men and women were pooled for most variables, except for insulin (P= 0.026), CBF (P= 0.004) and CVR (P buy EPZ-6438 lipid infusion. Glucose levels were diminished after 2 h of lipid infusion versus baseline and were significantly lower versus placebo by the last hour. Figure 1 illustrates the leptin, insulin and adrenaline concentrations, and Table 3 shows plasma aldosterone, Ang II and F2-isoprostane levels. Baseline hormone concentrations were similar in the experimental and control conditions. Montelukast Sodium Leptin concentration decreased during both infusions, and adrenaline and NA levels were unaffected by infusion of I/H or S/G. Since some of the samples were below the detectable range for the insulin assay, values for 13 and 11 subjects for the experimental and control days, respectively, are presented. Insulin concentration rose significantly by the third and fourth hour in the experimental group, but did not increase in the control group; men displayed a greater insulin response (Fig. 2a) to lipid infusion compared Akt activity with women by the third hour (+ 15.0 �� 4.0 versus+4.0 �� 3.1 pmol l?1; P= 0.011). The concentrations of both F2-isoprostanes and aldosterone increased during I/H infusion versus baseline and S/G infusion, whereas no change in Ang II concentration was noted for the experimental and control days. As shown in Table 3, lipid infusion significantly increased systolic BP (+13.88 �� 2.24 versus+6.57 �� 2.43 mmHg), diastolic BP (+7.41 �� 1.45 versus+1.29 �� 0.81 mmHg) and HR (+8.88 �� 0.88 versus+3.02 �� 0.91 beats min?1) versus placebo infusion; systolic BP and HR were significantly elevated versus baseline by the end of infusion. Stroke volume and (Fig. 3) tended to increase transiently over the third hour. Calf blood flow (Fig. 4) increased significantly by the second hour and remained elevated for the duration of the I/H infusion. Changes in MSNA burst frequency and total MSNA in response to I/H and S/G infusion, along with CVR, are displayed in Fig. 4.