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AHN, MCF, H-YC, DPO, NMR, AEA, HD and PAR analysed and interpreted the data. AHN, MCF and PAR drafted the manuscript. KLD, PJR, NMR, AEA and HD revised the article critically for important intellectual content. AHN and PAR are the guarantors of the data, had full access to all data in the study, and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors approved the submitted version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, based at Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, and by a grant from The Dunhill Medical Trust to KLD (grant number: R178/1110). Competing interests: PAR has received grant funding from Vifor Pharma for basic science studies of iron biology, including in support of work by MKC unrelated to that presented here. PJR is a co-founder and holds equity in ReOx Ltd, a University spin-out company that aims to develop HIF hydroxylase inhibitors for therapeutic use. Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Ethics approval: NHS South Central Berkshire Research Ethics Committee. Provenance and peer review: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.""Spasticity is a significant health problem in a subgroup of patients with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy and traumatic brain injury. This ailment is characterised by a motor disorder with increased resistance to velocity-dependent passive stretch that can be generalised or confined to a particular group of muscles. Spasticity has been defined as ��disordered sensorimotor control resulting from an upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion, presenting as intermittent or sustained involuntary activation of muscles.��1 This syndrome can affect daily activities including mobility and ability to transfer, and can lead to incontinence complicated by pressure sores, skin breakdown and infection. It can also cause pain, discomfort, contractures, sleep disturbances and, consequently, mood disorders. Spasticity can be differentiated on the basis of aetiology as spinal (eg, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, transverse myelitis) and central spasticity (stroke, cerebral palsy, acute brain injury). The aim of treatments for spasticity includes improving the range of motion, mobility, facilitating the manual handling of patients, CYTH4 preventing contractures and achieving self-care and independence. There are various existing therapies for the management of spasticity including physical therapy, botulinum injections and muscle relaxants. The muscle relaxants in common use are baclofen, tizanidine and dantrolene. Among these, baclofen is the most commonly used.