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9 months and 18% were exclusively breastfed for Mianserin HCl months (Supporting Information Table?S1). Overall, 2713 children (49.4%) had reached a good level of overall achievement by the end of their first year at school. Children who had been breastfed were more likely to have reached a good level of achievement than children who had never been breastfed (Table?3). The proportions of children who had reached a good level of achievement were larger in the categories of children who had been breastfed for longer. In the unadjusted models, children who had received any breastfeeding were 28�C57% more likely to have achieved a good level of overall achievement than never breastfed children. Adjustment for two sets of potential confounders attenuated these estimates Selleck Entinostat towards, but not to, the null. The associations were similar in the analyses comparing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding to no breastfeeding. In the fully adjusted models, children who had been exclusively breastfed for up to 2 months were, on average, 9% more likely to have reached a good level of overall achievement [rate ratio (RR): 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.19] than never breastfed children. This association was more marked in children who had been exclusively breastfed for 2�C4 months (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.29) and longer than 4 months (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.26). The associations of breastfeeding duration with a good level of achievement overall and a good level of achievement in the six specific areas of development were generally similar and consistent, with none of the specific areas markedly driving the observed associations (Table?4). However, the evidence for SCR7 an association was somewhat stronger for communication, language and literacy, knowledge and understanding of the world, and physical development than for the other areas of development, with narrower CIs for the estimates. The findings of the analyses with the FSP scores as continuous outcomes were similar to our main findings and are presented in Supporting Information Tables?S1 and S2. Longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with higher overall FSP score as well as higher FSP sub-scores. In our analyses of White, singleton children in England, 49% had reached a good level of overall achievement by the end of their first year at school in 2006. The proportion was much higher for the six individual areas of learning and was at least 70% for five of the six areas of learning (Table?1). These proportions are in agreement with the average performance of children in England. Nationally, the FSP assessment performance has steadily increased over the past few years (Schools Analysis and Research Division, Department of Education 2010). In our analyses, by the age of 5 breastfed children had reached a higher level of development in a teacher-rated assessment of educational achievement than never breastfed children.