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These sheep were euthanised and replaced by new sheep (n total?=?64 sheep) leaving 60 sheep for evaluation. Repositioning of the fragments was always performed exactly, but could not always be maintained when screws were tightened. Sometimes slight rotation was noticed with its manifestation mainly at the trans-cortex. Also care was taken when tightening the screws. Because of the long and 45�� oblique osteotomy line gliding of the RRAD fragments over each other could not always be completely avoided, which was especially true for the lag screws in G1 and G2. However, in most instances good reduction could be achieved comparable to clinical situations. No major complications occurred during the postoperative time period. Macroscopic evaluation revealed healing in all animals. Callus formation of variable size and thickness was recorded in all sheep. Whilst callus tissue of G1, G2, G3 and G4 showed similar variability for all animals, callus formation was clearly more prominent in G5. The periosteum was irregular at the osteotomy site in all sheep. All implants were stable and only one sheep showed slightly loose standard screws (1/60). In another sheep locking screws (1/60) were not completely locked. Bones were still stable when all implants were removed. Mean stiffness values selleck of the different groups and time points are recorded in (Table 1). At 6?weeks, the highest stiffness was recorded for G2, followed by G1 and G3 with very similar values. Values for G4 were clearly lower and lowest for G5. Significant differences were noticed between G5 and G2 (p?=?0.004). Differences between time points and within groups were greatest for G5, followed by G4, G3?��?G1 and lowest for G2. After 12?weeks again G2 showed the highest stiffness values followed by G1. Except G3 all groups Fulvestrant in vivo showed clearly higher stiffness of fracture callus after 12?weeks compared with results after 6?weeks. This difference was significant especially for G5 (p?=?0.047). Healing could be followed throughout the study with correctly positioned radiographs. Callus formation started to be clearly visible at 6?weeks and continuously increased over 9 and 12?weeks. Semi-quantitative scoring as originally anticipated proved to be difficult due to positioning problems. Therefore, only measurements of gap width were statistically evaluated. Measurements of gap width revealed significant differences only between G5 and all other groups (p?