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From 1983 until now, nine randomized clinical therapeutic trials have been successfully conducted by the CLG: five in ALL,3, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14?and?15 two in NHL,16 and two in AML.7, 8?and?17 The CLG has also actively participated in several retrospective and prospective intergroup studies and trials in ALL and AML. check details In the following section we describe three of the CLG's most successful studies in ALL. L-Asparaginase is an antileukemic drug used as part of the treatment for lymphoblastic malignancies in children since more than four decades. Asparaginases are used for remission induction and intensification treatment in pediatric ALL-regimens. Three asparaginase preparations are available: the native asparaginase derived from Escherichia coli (E. coli asparaginase), a product isolated from Erwinia chrysanthemi (i.e., Erwinia asparaginase) and a pegylated form of the E. coli enzyme (PEG-asparaginase). Only in the last decade has the importance of asparaginase in the treatment of ALL become clear, and it is now believed to be a cornerstone of treatment protocols for ALL. Most clinical evidence in the use of asparaginase is based on non-randomized trials. More than 20 years ago, it was suggested that there was a similar efficacy between native E. coli asparaginase and Erwinia ABT-263 price asparaginase, with a less toxic pattern for the E. chrysanthemi formulation. In 1988 the CLG started a trial using a BFM-like protocol and compared the efficacy and toxicity of E. coli asparaginase (E coli-Asp) versus Erwinia asparaginase (Erwinia-Asp) in a randomized fashion in children with ALL and NHL.A total of twelve doses of 10,000IU/m2 each were planned: eight during induction (protocol IA) and four during reinduction (protocol II). Between November 1990 and October 1993, Flavoprotein 700 patients were randomized in this trial: 354 in the E coli-Asp arm and 346 in the Erwinia-Asp arm. A similar number of patients in both groups received all the planned doses during protocols IA and II. Coagulation abnormalities were more often observed in the E coli-Asp arm at induction: 30.2% versus 11.8%; odds ratio, 3.20; P