Dominant Negative Tgf-Beta Receptor

ts were recruited for this study. Complete blood samples have been collected from 360 sufferers with CVD from St.Thomas Hospital, Kerala, India. 1516647 Diagnosis of CVD was based on physical examination and Doppler 1208313-97-6 web ultrasound test. CVD resulting from obstructions which include neoplasm had been excluded from the study. Differential diagnosis was performed by an experienced vascular surgeon and presence of distichiasis was ruled out by an ophthalmologist. Individuals with kind 2 diabetes mellitus have been also excluded since genetic variants of FoxC2 have been reported to result in susceptibility to diabetes mellitus. Blood samples had been collected from age and gender matched 352 healthier controls with no identified family members history for CVD. For tissue level expression analysis, varicose vein tissue samples were collected from 22 patients admitted for therapy of CVD by operative treatment options at Kempegowda Institute of Healthcare Sciences, Bangalore, India. Saphenous control vein samples from 20 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery at Sri Jayadeva Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences & Research, Bangalore, India were also collected for the study. Complete blood samples were also collected from these 22 sufferers and 20 controls for sequencing assays. Relevant data regarding the clinical characteristics of sufferers were collected from healthcare records of the hospitals participating inside the study. Variables Household history Bleeding Thrombophlebitis Cellulitis LL oedema Pigmentation Ulceration CEAP Class 2 3 4 5 6 N = 382 n 257 29 3 5 89 185 56 48 11 223 73 27 Data evaluation Demographic data of all study participants and information regarding symptoms such as pain, itching and throbbing sensation in legs and clinical signs which include hemorrhage, lower limb oedema, Percentages had been taken in the column totals. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090682.t002 FoxC2 in Chronic Venous Disease a b Genotypes c.-350G.T GG GT TT GT/TT c.-512C.T c CC CT TT CT/TT c.-1538A.G c AA AG GG AG/GG c Individuals n Controls n OR P-value AOR 342 37 3 40 325 46 1 47 1 0.76 2.85 0.81 0.353 0.72 69 209 104 313 118 170 84 254 1 2.1 two.12 2.11 ,0.001 2.37 two.44 2.08 240 100 42 142 280 90 2 92 1 1.3 24.5 1.8 ,0.001 1.22 25.58 1.8 Percentages were taken from the column totals. Chi-square test for measure of association was used to derive p value. aOdds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of individual polymorphisms. b Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals is obtained adjusting for age group and sex in multiple logistic regression model. c Polymorphism previously reported inside the Entrez single nucleotide polymorphism database. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090682.t003 hyperpigmentation, thrombophlebitis, cellulitis and ulceration have been collected for each patient from healthcare records. Loved ones history, occupational and lifestyle data have been collected to examine their influence in aggravating disease manifestation. Disease phenotypes were categorized according to CEAP classification system. Varicose veins without odema or pigmentation have been classified under C2. Only 2.9% of all our sufferers were in CEAP Class 3 in which varicose vein with oedema alone are found. The patients in this study were mostly from CEAP Class 4, 5 and 6 who presented various clinical signs such as pigmentation, ulceration along with oedema as a consequence of CVD.