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Also, the study did not provide intermediate or longer-term follow-up. Therefore, a large sample size in a prospective study of the native population with longer follow-up may be required to further support the findings obtained from the present study. This is the first national study specifically addressing native, young Saudi patients with ACS. It showed that the incidence of MI is one among the highest reported worldwide, and it also showed that Bleomycin cell line among the young Saudi with ACS, DM is highly prevalent. The implementation of guidelines for management of the ACS population has the impact of favorable outcomes in the young with ACS. The alarming incidence of DM and the prevalence of other risk factors necessitate an aggressive approach for population-based intervention. The study was supported by scientific independent grant from Mephenoxalone Sanofi-Aventis Saudi Arabia. None. All authors contributed equally in this work. ""Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) accounts for 5�C10% of all congenital heart diseases (CHD). It occurs more commonly in premature infants, where 8 out of 1000 premature infants have PDA compared to 2 out of 1000 term infants. It is more common in females with a female to male ratio of 3:1 [12]. The physiological impact and clinical significance of the PDA depend largely on its size and the underlying cardiovascular status of the patient. The PDA may be ��silent�� (not evident clinically but diagnosed incidentally by echocardiography performed for a different reason), small, moderate, or large [14]. In 1989 Krichenco et al. classified PDA according to its angiographic appearance into five types: type A ��conical�� ductus, with well-defined aortic ampulla and constriction near the pulmonary artery end. Type B, very large ��window�� ductus, with very short length. Type C, ��tubular�� ductus, which is without constrictions. Type D, ��complex�� ductus, which has learn more multiple constrictions. Type E, ��elongated�� ductus, with the constriction remote from the anterior edge of the trachea [7]. Available treatment modalities include surgical ligation in large ducts not suitable for interventional treatment and transcatheter closure for small to moderate sized ducts whether by coil embolization or occluder devices. Accurate assessment of the size, shape and anatomical type of the PDA represents a crucial step to choosing the most suitable technique that will guarantee complete closure of the PDA without complications [6]?and?[13]. Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is an important diagnostic tool and is a mainstay for the diagnosis and evaluation prior to management. Cardiac catheterization is also used to revaluate the PDA prior to its percutaneous closure [14].