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The most prominent transient response is obtained from trials with fastest and fast RTs, the weakest transient response from trials with the slowest RTs, and an intermediate transient response from the remaining two fractions of trials with RTs in-between. For comparison, the figure also shows the transient response obtained from the (relatively small) fraction of ��miss�� trials (i.e., for those trials for which the animals failed to detect the speed change). In this case, the mean SDF reveals a still smaller transient increase of the neurons�� firing rate in response to the speed change. To test whether latency or amplitude of this transient firing rate increase systematically covary with the monkeys�� RTs, we calculated latency MS-275 and amplitude indexes for each of the RT fractions (RTF) defined above. Indexes were computed by relating the mean latency (or amplitude) of the respective RTF to the mean latency (or amplitude) of all trials from the attended condition of that neuron (see Experimental Procedures). For comparison of these indexes with the behavioral performance, Figures 3B�C3D plot the median normalized RTs of the five RTFs and the corresponding median latency and amplitude indexes from the population of neurons for each of the RTFs. The transients�� Quinapyramine latency monotonically increases with increasing RTs and thus shows a clear RT dependence, whereas for peak amplitude, the main effect is a decrease in amplitude for trials with slowest RTs, but no consistent covariation over all RTFs. For testing these findings statistically, we computed a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) for each combination of the five RTFs and estimated ROC performance as defined by the integral under the ROC curve. Significant deviation from chance (50%) was assessed GDC-0449 by means of a binominal test (p?