A Neutral Review Of PDE4B

( 16) and lower than recent results in Downs et?al. ( 31). The average cilium length is 3.9 ��m with a standard deviation of 0.8 ��m over the 80 primary cilia analyzed. Combining the cilium base angle (from the experimental data) and total torque (from the least-square fits in our model), we find that the total torque at the base is a nonlinear function of the equilibrium cilium base angle displacement. As shown in Fig.?6, ABT-888 price the concave-down dashed line is the least-square quadratic polynomial fit to the full data set (open symbols). The concave-up solid line is the least-square quadratic polynomial fit to the partial data set (solid symbols). Based on the results in Fig.?6, we assume that the equilibrium-restoring torque from the basal body anchorage takes the form equation(19) f(��0)=a��02+b��0+c,where |b| is proportional to the linear spring constant, and a/b is the relative strength of nonlinearity. At equilibrium, the restoring torque balances with the total torque at the cilium base f(��eq= ��). For the quadratic restoring force in Eq. 19, two equilibrium angles ��eq exist for a given ��, equation(20) ��eq=?b��b2?4a(c?��)2a.Linear stability analysis on the equilibrium angle ��eq shows that ��eq is stable for dfd��(��eq)=f��(��eq)>0,and unstable for f��(��eq)?Selleckchem Selisistat equilibrium cilium profile with an angle ��eq? 0.3 is unstable. A stable equilibrium angle PDE4B always exists for ��eq?