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homeostasis. Cation Channels in Human Pathogenic Fungi K+ channels TOK XP_ XP_ XP_ EED EED XP_ XP_ XP_ NF NF XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ NF EGE XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ Ca+ channels Cch XP_ XP_ EED XP_ Fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae Trichophyton rubrum Aspergillus clavatus Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus fumigatus Trp channels TrpY XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ EED EED XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ HCEG_ EGE EGE XP_ XP_ MCU NF NF XP_ EED XP_ Coccidioides immitis Coccidioides posadasii Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Candida albicans Candida glabrata Candida tropicalis Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitidis Cryptococcus gattii Cryptococcus neoformans XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ XP_ HCEG_ EGE XP_ XP_ NF NF NF NF NF NF NF NF XP_ XP_ Protein accession numbers are shown, except inside the case of H. capsulatum for which transcript identifiers are shown. MCU denotes the human mitochondrial Ca+ uniporter. Genes encoding homologues of MCU are also located inside the A1155463 genomes of: the Ascomycota Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Verticillium spp., Chaetomium globosum, Neurospora crassa, Magnaporthe grisea, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Stagonospora nodorum, and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; the Basidiomycota Cryptococcus spp., C. cinerea and Ustilago maydis; along with the Chytridiomycota A. macrogynus and Spizellomyces punctatus. In contrast, genes encoding MCU homologues appear to become absent in the genomes of other fungi including E. cuniculi, E. intestinalis, E. bineusi, Saccharomyces spp., Schizosaccharomyces spp., Microsporum spp., along with other species of Trichophyton. Homologues of MICU, the Ca+-sensing modulatory subunit of MCU, are also encoded by some fungal genomes, including: T. rubrum, A. clavatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, C. immitis, C. posadasii, P. brasiliensis, H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, C. gattii and C. neoformans, but appear to be absent in the other genomes examined. Homologues of the Cch auxiliary subunit Mid in S. cerevisiae are also found within the following fungi: T. rubrum, A. clavatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, C. immitis, C. posadasii, P. brasiliensis, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, C. gattii and C. neoformans. The amount of predicted transmembrane domains in each and every protein is indicated in parentheses. For homologues of K+ channel subunits, the predicted family members of K+ channel can also be indicated in parentheses. In addition to those shown, Kv channel subunit homologues have been also identified in: the Basidiomycota Coprinopsis cinerea, Laccaria bicolour, Serpula lacrymans and Postia placenta; the Chytridiomycete Allomyces macrogynus; and also the Zygomycete Rhizopus oryzae. The presence or apparent absence of homologues of MICU is indicated for every fungal genome, shown in parentheses immediately after the MCU homologue annotation. NF denotes no homologues discovered. doi:.journal.pone..t channels including KcsA, which lack the proline residue and have straighter pore helices . Working with sequences on the Kv channel homologues of Cryptococcus spp. as bait in further BLAST searches revealed that the genomes of only a number of other fungi encode similar homologues of Kv channel subunits. To the authors' information that is the first description of homologues of Kv channels in fungi. The identification of genes encoding novel homologues of Kv channels in Cryptococcus spp. and many other fungi is surprising. These genes seem to become confined for the genomes of fungi within the phyla Basidiomycota, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota, and seem to be