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Ngs for each of the 62 emotion words.COMMUNICATIVE FREQUENCY RATINGSThe 62 pre-selected emotions were further assessed in four different sections of a newly designed questionnaire. In the first two sections, participants rated each emotion with respect to arousal and valence by employing the visual analog scale, "self assessment manikin" (SAM, Bradley and Lang, 1994). This scale allowed participants to rate both the valence level ("very positive" to "very negative") and the arousal level ("very calming" to "very arousing") of an emotion using the nine-point Likert scale (Likert, 1932). The last two sections of the questionnaire measured the frequency with which each emotion occurred by employing two questions: (1) "How often do you feel the emotion yourself?" and (2) "How often do you observe this emotion in others?" The first measure represented the self-orientated communicative frequency rating (CF-self), while the second measure represented the other-orientated frequency rating (CF-other). For each emotion word, participants were instructed to indicate the frequency that the emotion either occurred or was observed on a Likert scale (1?) with gaps in between each labeling word ("never" ?"seldom" ?"sometimes" ?"often" ?"always").RESULTS Table 1 summarizes the participants' demographic information including information about their educational levels based on the highest school degree obtained (see description in table caption). We additionally subdivided participants into three age groups (20?0, 31?0, and 41?0 years) to simplify data presentation.VALENCE AND AROUSAL RATINGSBased on the questionnaire ratings, each emotion was categorized as (1) being either high or low arousing and (2) having either negative (higher values) or positive valence, with a cut-off value of 5 (values smaller than 5 were considered "low" and values largerTable 1 | Summary of participants' demographics (N = 100, 50 males). Lower education level 20?0 years 31?0 years 41?0 years Total 8 2 10 20 Intermediate education level 14 12 16 42 Higher education level 19 7 12 38 41 21 38 100 TotalThe education levels refer to participants highest school degree. The lower education is generally obtained after 9 years at school. Intermediate and higher level are generally obtained after 10 and 13 years, respectively.We assessed how CF-self and CF-other scores related to one another using a Pearson's product-moment correlation. This analysis indicated that CF-self and CF-other were positively http://ar.globalmediastore.com/members/latex36system/activity/226091/ correlated (r_Pearson = 0.42, p