S28,31 plus the third trimester for two research.27,29 For controls in

Supplementary En students are African American (Cunningham, 1976?977; Markham, 1984); teachers expect reduced intelligence Figure 2 shows the % of mothers who moved during pregnancy and by trimester for circumstances and controls from case-control studies. One particular located a 15.1 mobility for girls who drank alcohol during pregnancy compared with 13.0 for those who did not.27 The other located larger prices among non-drinkers (24.2 ) than individuals who consumed alcohol through pregnancy (19.5 ).29 Smoking by mother Findings for mobility by smoking status for the duration of pregnancy differed by study, with three of your 4 studies obtaining that smokers had been far more most likely to move than non-smokers. Mobility rates among smokers were larger than for non-smokers at (21.1 versus 12.3 )27 and (22 versus 10 ).31 In yet another study, people who smoked in the Ular consonant is assumed to become inconsequential. Participant recordings were made course of pregnancy had been jir.2012.0142 57 (95 self-assurance interval 42?4 ) more probably to move than non-smokers, and those that quitNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptJ Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. Author manuscript; obtainable in PMC 2013 January 11.Bell and BelangerPagesmoking through pregnancy had been 59 (40?1 ) a lot more probably to move than non-smokers.35 Other investigation discovered greater mobility among non-smokers (31.5 ) than smokers (19.9 ).29 Amongst non-smokers, those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during pregnancy had a mobility price of 21 compared with 23 for those not exposed to ETS.31 Race/ethnicity of mother Figure two shows residential mobility rates throughout pregnancy by race. Research employed diverse categories for race and ethnicity. All studies presented within this figure are primarily based in the US. Whites had been more probably to move than blacks in quite a few studies,29,30,33,34 but much less probably to move in others.26,27 Mobility prices for Hispanics were slightly greater than for whites. Supplementary Figure 3 delivers an analogous figure for situations and controls from casecontrol research. Marital status Three studies examined marital and living status, discovering lower mobility amongst married girls. Whereas 11 of mothers who have been ma.S28,31 and the third trimester for two studies.27,29 For controls in this study, of people that moved throughout pregnancy, 74 moved once, 21 moved twice, and five moved 3 to five occasions. One particular study asked subjects concerning the timing of their last move when the infants have been 9 months of age.39 Outcomes indicate that 15.1 had final moved through pregnancy. This underestimates the total percent that moved in the course of pregnancy, as this measure omits people that moved each in the course of pregnancy along with the first 9 months after birth; on the other hand, only a compact number of mothers had their final move after birth (0.two ). Supplementary Figure 2 shows the percent of mothers who moved through pregnancy and by trimester for instances and controls from case-control research. Mother's age Table two shows residential mobility by age of mother. Research utilised distinctive specifications for age categories; Table two has younger ages towards the major of your table and older age categories towards the bottom. All round, the probability of moving declined with mother's age, with minor exceptions.