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The first four of these scales are combined to provide an early learning composite that reflects general intelligence.[24] Trained staff administered the MSEL in the child's home at 36 months of age, without knowledge of the child's exposure status.[25] The MSEL has been standardised on a large sample of children in the United States, and it has well-established validity and reliability.[24] Each scale produces age-adjusted T-scores with a mean of 50 and an SD of 10; the early learning composite score Dabrafenib supplier is age-standardised at a mean of 100 and an SD of 15. We analysed breast milk samples for 10 PBDE congeners (-17, -28, -47, -66, -85, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183) according to the existing methodology at the Organic Analytic Toxicology Branch of the National Center for Environmental Health at CDC,[26] as described previously.[9] We express all concentrations reported here on a lipid normalised basis (ng/g lipid). We do so to reduce the variability in lipid content between different milk samples and in homogeneity originating from lipid separation during freezing of the samples. Our a priori criterion was to include only PBDEs detected in >70% of samples in our analyses. As such, we included BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, all of which were actually detected in ��90% of samples. Concentrations of these congeners below the limit of detection (LOD) have been assigned a value of the LOD/��2. www.selleckchem.com/products/bmn-673.html BDEs -28, -47, -99, -100, and -153 were also summed to produce a cumulative measure (��PBDE). We analysed data by using SAS version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). We examined crude associations between quartiles of natural log-transformed PBDE concentrations and outcomes (age-adjusted BASC-2 and MSEL T-scores) to assess the linearity of the exposure and outcome relationships. The mean T-scores across quartiles did not support a linear relationship for most comparisons; therefore, we modelled all milk PBDE concentrations as quartiles, defined by using all available samples (n?=?304) binedaline (Table?3). In order to yield conservative estimates in the presence of influential outliers and the slight skewness in some outcome distributions, we used multivariable robust regression (M estimation) to estimate the mean difference in T-scores for each BASC-2 and MSEL sub- and composite scale across quartiles of PBDE -28, PBDE-47, PBDE-99, PBDE-100, PBDE-153, and ��PBDE using the 1st quartile (