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C). To exclude gender effects, these analyses were also performed in men only, which indeed did not affect the outcome. Moreover, partial correlations, controlling for gender, between muscle OXPHEN parameters and the indices of muscle mass revealed no positive associations within the cancer patients. Figure 1 Normal OXPHEN in patients with lung cancer pre-cachexia and cachexia. Quadriceps muscle biopsies were processed for analysis of muscle fibre subtypes, enzyme activity, and protein expression. (A) Distribution of oxidative type I and glycolytic type II ... Preserved muscular gene expression of mediators regulating and representing oxidative metabolism in lung cancer INPP5D cachexia Muscle gene expression levels AZD4547 supplier are shown in Table ?2.2. PGC-1�� and mitochondrial transcription factor A, key regulators of oxidative metabolism, were not differentially expressed in lung cancer patients, nor in the pre-cachexia or cachexia subgroups. Likewise, gene expression levels of their downstream oxidative markers HAD and CS were comparable, as well as of the glycolytic markers PFK and hexokinase II (Table ?2).2). mRNA transcripts of mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome c oxidase III and cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1 were however significantly lower in cancer patients than in healthy controls, but there was no difference between pre-cachexia and cachexia. Table 2 Gene expression profiles Cisplatin supplier Corresponding to the absence of histological alterations in the proportion of type I fibres, no differences in gene expression levels of oxidative MyHC I were observed between the groups (Table ?2).2). Patients with pre-cachexia showed a relative increase in glycolytic MyHC IIx transcript levels when compared with cachectic patients and healthy controls subjects (Table ?2),2), albeit variation was rather large. Muscle fibre atrophy is independent of fibre type distribution in lung cancer cachexia Compared with the healthy subjects, muscle fibre cross-sectional area was smaller in NSCLC regardless of the fibre type (P?