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Music has also been used as a healing agent in contexts that do not involve a trained music therapist, such as with survivors of the post-election violence in Kenya in 2007 (Akombo, 2009). In the study reported by Akombo, a community musician used music to recall and experience the trauma, incorporating humor into his work with survivors to help them deal with the distress associated with the initial violence as well as the resulting displacement. While little research has been conducted specifically in relation to trauma survivors outside of music therapy contexts, the click here literature indicates that various self-determined musical activities including listening, playing, singing, dancing and songwriting, are commonly used for coping and mood regulation among both adolescents and adults (Mayers, 1995; Shields, 2001; Miranda and Claes, 2009; Davidson and Fedele, 2011; Monteiro and Wall, 2011; Saarikallio, 2011). There is also evidence that people benefit from other creative therapies such as reading and writing and it is important to consider how these therapeutic activities may be used both individually and alongside one another. The writer Arnold Zable has reported that survivors of the ��Black Saturday�� bushfires responded positively to creative writing workshops, with one participant commenting, ��I'm finding this more powerful than counseling��1. Projects like ��Get into Reading,�� used in prison communities, hostels for the homeless, and in mental health care by the Mersey Care NHS Trust (Billington et al., 2013). Encourage groups to read aloud together. They are distinct from the ��book group�� model because of the performative nature of the reading experience. More solitary forms of reading can also offer comfort for many readers (Moore and Pyke, 2007). Memorizing poetry, especially poems that are applicable in some way to the individual's situation (Petermann, 1996; Kelly, 2014), is also able to elicit non-linguistic biopsychosocial effects in a similar way to music therapy: providing a sense of safety, management of anxiety and emotional processing, which then serves as a foundation to the therapeutic goal of finding one's voice��a more coherent narrative��through which to process traumatic symptoms. As noted in the studies cited above and others, music, and music therapy researchers argue that the benefits of musical activities include: mood improvement, self expression, catharsis, facilitating grieving, relaxation, reflection, socialization, community building, stress reduction, and more. As with compositional forms of music therapy, those involved in writing groups have reported that the process of writing about their trauma allows them to regain their agency, to tell their own stories.