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60) compared to the No Label Baseline Condition (M = 0.59), independent sample t(25.81) = 0.07, p = 0.94. A test of statistical equivalence was also Moroxydine conducted using Weber and Popova's (2012) Independent-Samples Equivalence Procedure in order to ascertain whether 3-year-olds' induction performance in the Category label and No Label Baseline conditions were statistically equivalent. The minimum substantial effect (�� = 0.5) was selected based on Cohen's (1988) guidelines for a medium effect. The equivalence test was significant suggesting that 3-year-olds' induction performance was comparable across these two conditions; t(33) = 0.07, p = 0.006. In contrast, providing category-labels did influence the performance of older children: 4-year old children selected the category-match items significantly more in the Category Label Condition (0.80) compared to the No Label Baseline Condition (0.55), independent sample t(34) = 3.57, p = 0.001. This effect was large, Cohen's d = 1.19. In 5-year-old children the difference in induction performance between the Category Label (0.79) and No Label Baseline Condition (0.66) was marginally significant, independent sample t(34) = 1.75, p = 0.09, Cohen's d = 0.60, see Figure ?Figure3.3. Furthermore, the addition of category labels did not support 3-year-old children's induction performance as they did not select the category-match above chance levels (0.50), single sample t(17) = 1.39, p = 0.18. In contrast, when 4-year-old children were provided with the category-label they selected the category-match items at rates significantly above chance (0.50), single sample t(17) = 6.35, p 2.80, both ps