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004;) but not from CMV IgG negative donors (2.152 �� 0.432 �� 106 cells/L vs. 1.233 �� 0.194 �� 106 cells/L p = 0.111; 0.317% �� 0.036% vs. 0.412% �� 0.043%, p = 0. 298). Figure 2 Numbers of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes in the blood at Autophagy hematologic recovery in patients with and without acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) at the time of examination or at a later time point post-transplant. To validate the hypothesis regarding the effect of toxicity and major infectious complications prior to hematological recovery on the numbers of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes, we examined the toxicity grades and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the patient group. Higher CRP values three to five days prior to hematologic recovery were somewhat associated with higher proportions of CD4+ lymphocytes (R = 0.267, p = 0.008) but not with CD4+CD25high lymphocytes (R = 0.018, p = 0.858) in the blood. No significant associations between toxicity grades or the proportions or numbers of either CD4+ or CD4+CD25high lymphocytes were observed. Additionally, the effect of the use of anti-lymphocyte serum (74% of patients received ATG or Campath) on the association between aGvHD and low numbers of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes was excluded because patients in the in vivo T cell-depleted group had lower numbers of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes if they suffered from aGvHD (2.052 �� 0.250 �� 106 cells/L vs. 5.092 �� 0.776 �� 106 cells/L, p Selleckchem Etoposide p = 0.031) and an unrelated transplantation (OR = 2.619, p = 0.047) setting were independent and significant risk factors of aGvHD in patients who received and lacked in vivo T cell depletion (Table 3). Table 3 Multivariate analyses of the factors associated with aGvHD (grades I�CIV). The CD4+CD25high lymphocyte count at hematologic recovery was able to discriminate patients at risk for acute (low value) or de novo chronic (high value) GvHD MEK inhibitor (3.778 �� 0.780 �� 106 cells/l vs. 2.042 �� 0.261 �� 106 cells/L, p = 0.041, Figure 3). Figure 3 Numbers of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes in the blood determined at the beginning of hematologic recovery in the groups of patients with late aGvHD and those with de novo cGvHD. CD4+CD25high lymphocyte levels at hematologic recovery were analyzed in a step-wise manner to determine the values that discriminated patients according to their survival post-HSCT. It appeared that lower proportions (��0.4%) and numbers (��2.5 �� 106 cells/L) of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes were associated with worse patient survival (56% vs. 38%, four-year survival, p = 0.040 Figure 4). Figure 4 Overall survival of patients with higher and lower proportions and numbers (