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After 14 days of cell therapy, tracheal responsiveness as measured by effective dose of methacholine-induced 50% of maximum tracheal contraction (EC50), concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in serum and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as total and differential white blood cells (WBC) counts were evaluated. Tracheal responsiveness, total WBC couts, nutrophil and eosinophil percentage in BALF as well as concentration of IL-8 in serum and BALF significantly increased but lymphocyte percentage decreased in COPD compared to the control group (P?check details groups but the precentage of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF were reversed in COPD-ITASC compared to COPD-ITPBS animals (P? COPD. Key words:?Adipose; COPD; Guinea pigs; Tracheal responsiveness; Stromal cells; Cytokines, Lung Inflammation EFFECT OF MISHANDLING OF INHALERS ON MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA YS WANG1, J-S WANG2 1Public Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada, 2Division of Respirology, Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Mianserin HCl & Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Introduction:?Incorrect usage of inhaler devices might have a major influence on the clinical effectiveness of the delivered drug. The objective of this study was to assess the incorrect technique with established inhalers in patients with asthma, to highlight the common errors observed in inhalation technique and to discuss implications for clinical efficacy. Materials and Methods:?Firstly, recruited patients completed Selleck Epigenetic inhibitor a standardized questionnaire; each questionnaire consisted of a general section and specific parts, each related to a specific inhaler. Then, each patient demonstrated the inhalation technique with all used devices to the investigator in a quiet area using a placebo device. Results:?We have collected 100 records of inhaler technique. At least one critical mistake was widely distributed among users of all the inhalers, ranging from 19% for Evohaler?, 19% for Accuhaler?, and 29% for Turbuhaler?. We found the strongest association between inhaler misuse and older age (p?=?0.01), lower schooling (p?=?0.01) and lack of instruction or check-up received for inhaler technique by health caregivers (p?=?0.03). Inhaler misuse was associated with increased risk of hospitalization (p?