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When a physician had described the ECG as AF or atrial flutter using standard criteria, the case was defined as verified AF. Only participants Selleckchem CX5461 with physician-diagnosed AF before the date of participation in HUNT3 were included in this study. For 17 participants, the information in medical records was insufficient for classification. In these cases, two physicians, one specialist in cardiology (JPL) and one specialist in internal medicine (HE), evaluated the available information separately, grouping them into two categories: ��probable AF�� and ��not likely AF��. In case of disagreement, the patient was put in the most likely category after a consensus meeting. The eleven ��probable AF�� cases were included as verified diagnoses in the study. Patients were also classified as having permanent or non-permanent, ie, paroxysmal or persistent AF.10 For 19 persons, the documentation in medical records was insufficient to perform a reasonable classification. Participants without self-reported AF were considered as not having AF if there was no diagnosis of AF either in hospitals or in PC centers. To detect possible AF cases not included in the registers (false-negative AF), we reviewed the hospital and PC records of 500 randomly selected study participants without self-reported AF or an AF diagnosis in the registers. Selleck Forskolin Statistics All participants with a verified diagnosis of AF before participation in HUNT3 were included in validation analyses of the questionnaires and the hospital discharge diagnoses of AF. Participants with a verified diagnosis of AF among those who had received the QCVD were included for validation of the AF question. The same participants were included in subgroup analyses of sex, age, and type of AF. Statistical significance testing of contingency tables was performed by Fisher��s exact test or c2 with Yates��s correction as appropriate. Confidence intervals were calculated using exact confidence intervals, computed by the method of Clopper and Pearson.11 Dipivefrine Two-sided P-values with P