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7%) than that in the present study [9]. Nevertheless, the seroprevelance observed in seven of 15 prefectures of northern Greece Transducin is among the highest reported across the Mediterranean, as the respective prevalence noted in Spain was 26.2% [19], that in Cyprus was 20% [20], that in Turkey was 17.8% [21], and that in Umbria, Italy was 16% [22]. Eight species of sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus neglectus, Phlebotomus perfiliewi, Phlebotomus tobbi (Phlebotomus perniciosus), Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus similis, Phlebotomus simici, Phlebotomus alexandri, Phlebotomus balcanicus) and two of the genus Sergentomyia (Sergentomyia minuta and Sergentomyia dentata) have been identified in northern Greece [23,24]. P.?perfiliewi, P.?perniciosus and S.?minuta are proven vectors of TOSV [3,25]. In particular, in Xanthi prefecture, where the highest seroprevalence was observed, P.?perniciosus and P.?perfiliewi are the most abundant Phlebotomus species; a similar abundance of these two species has been reported in Halkidiki prefecture, where the seroprevalence is also high [26]. It is worth noting that seropositivity was significantly lower in children and adults http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Staurosporine.html as there was a significant difference in seroprevalence between people GSK126 manufacturer summer temperatures. There was a significant decrease in rainfall in the 1980s; rainfall later increased, but the period 1984�C1993 was the driest for the area [29]. Logistic regression analysis revealed that significant risk factors for seropositivity (among four variables examined: sex, age, prefecture, and region) were increased age (OR?1.33, 95%?CI?1.05�C1.68; p?0.014) and the region of permanent residence (OR?5.70, 95%?CI?1.25�C25.84; p?0.024). More detailed analysis concerning north-eastern Greece showed that residence in Evros and Xanthi prefectures (with Kavala prefecture as the reference category) was significantly associated with acquisition of TOSV or TOSV-like virus infection.