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The results show that firstly, in both piano performance and speech production, anger and happiness generally have high dynamics while sadness has the lowest dynamics. The findings echo the theoretic argument that affective music shares a ��common code�� with affective speech (Juslin and Laukka, 2003). Secondly, the interaction between fear and fingerings in piano performance and the interaction between anger and articulatory constraints in speech production suggest that the more variable an emotion is in acoustic features, the more likely it is to interact in production with external factors such as fingerings or articulatory constraints in terms of dynamics. In addition, the results suggest that affective speech production on the whole has higher dynamics than affective piano performance, which may be due to the biomechanical differences between speech articulators and fingers. Therefore, this is the first study to quantitatively demonstrate the importance of considering motor mechanisms such as dynamics (i.e., finger force and articulatory effort) together with physical constraints (i.e., fingerings and articulatory constraints) in examining the similarities and differences between affective music performance and speech production. Limitations also exist: The emotion induction method of the piano and speech experiment still needs improvement due to lack of authenticity under the laboratory condition. Moreover, more fingering strategies especially those involving black keys and more articulatory variations in speech such as monophthongs vs. selleckchem diphthongs could be added to research designs for more comprehensive findings. In addition, more categories of emotion such as disgust and sarcasm could be included to make the picture more complete. In a nutshell, focusing on the motor mechanisms of affective music performance and speech production could further enhance the connection between music and speech as two fundamental capacities for humans to communicate emotion. Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Andrew McPherson for his generous help with piano data acquisition using PianoBar and Dr. Jyrki Tuomainen for helpful discussion. We would also like to thank the two reviewers and the associate editor for insightful comments. Our gratitude also goes to pianists from London and Chinese students at the University College London for their enthusiastic participation in the experiments.""On November 11, 2014, the so-called ��double 11�� date, consumers from 217 countries spent 57.1 billion Chinese Yuan (about US $9.3 billion) on Alibaba, the largest Chinese online shopping site1, standing in sharp contrast to the site��s daily average purchase total.