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.. FIGURE 2 Average daily number of flower drop in summer (A) and spring (B) production cycles as effect of GAc and shade treatments on ��Black Magic�� vines (mean �� SE). Within each sampling date, different letters indicate statistically significant ... Impacts on Vine Physiology Afatinib cost Natural flower drop was significantly affected by environmental factors, exerting a significant effect on fruit set (Table ?Table11). A higher drop rate occurred in the late production cycle (81%) when compared to the early cycle (16.9%). Comparing shaded with unshaded conditions, a 90% PAR reduction was observed, while no significant differences in temperature and relative humidity were perceived (Supplementary Figure S1). On clear sunny day conditions, the 90%-interception shade cloth provided approximately a maximum PAR of 157 and 170 ��mol m-2 s-1 in late and early cycles, respectively, which demonstrates the strong net Pn reduction achieved under shaded conditions, in the magnitudes of 90 and 99%, in the late and early cycle, respectively. Transpiration rate (E; not shown) and gs decreased under shade, only during the early production cycle, by 23 and 54%, respectively, when compared to controls (Table ?Table11). No differences in shoot length and total leaf area were observed between treatments. Nevertheless, in the early cycle, a higher estimated leaf chlorophyll content was Dasatinib manufacturer perceived in shaded plants (31.2 spad units) when compared with plants treated with GAc (28.1 spad units; Table ?Table11). Production cycles and the interaction production cycles �� treatment were statistically significantly different regarding cumulative flower drop and gs (P PDGFRA sucrose levels between 1 and 4 DAB (Figure ?Figure3A3A) and increased ABA concentrations, peaking at 3 DAB (Figure ?Figure3E3E). Conversely, compared to the control, in shade-treated inflorescences, sucrose concentration decreased at 3 and 4 DAB and fructose and glucose at 4 DAB. In GAc-treated inflorescences, sucrose concentration was highest at 4 DAB (Figure ?Figure3B3B). A significant increase of putrescine content was also observed in the same samples, 4 DAB. In samples submitted to the shade treatment, this PA decreased 3 and 4 DAB (Figure ?Figure3D3D). Cadaverine was not detected.