Insanity Of the CAL-101

However, for nonpolar filaments or an equal distribution of polar filaments oriented in both directions, a?single motor type is sufficient. Hereafter, we will refer to click here plus-end (p) and minus-end (m) motors acting in the one or the other direction, respectively. Fourth, we assume that the motors bind and unbind stochastically via the transmembrane complex to MreB, as shown for the motions of different PBPs (16). Our model, which is based on exactly these four assumptions, is illustrated in Fig.?5 by a TIRF-SIM image of seven MreB filaments inside a cell and four corresponding sketches (Fig.?5, B�CE ?). In Fig.?5A ?, different measured lengths L ? are visible and different measured velocities v ?F are indicated by white arrows. The scheme of Fig.?5B ? depicts the corresponding model consisting of m-?and p-polymerization motors (orange and green dots ?, respectively), which elongate find more blue PG strands and are connected to red MreB filaments. As displayed in Fig.?5C ? and further discussed in the Supporting Material, text?2, one can estimate the angle �� ? between the parallel PG strands and the MreB filament to be ��SKAP1 �� kon,m and koff,p?�� koff,m, the expected number of both motor types per filament should on average be equal. Obviously, it is more likely for longer filaments that the number of bound m-motors and p-motors will be roughly the same (i.e., that the ratio of m- and p-motors will be close to one) than for shorter filaments that bind to only a few motors. Based on our four simple assumptions, we can make the following conclusions: Because every motor type moves in its own direction, a tug-of-war is likely to occur, which would result in a blockade situation for an equal number of motors of both types. Filament transport in the p or m direction depends on whether the p-motors or m-motors win. For example, the larger the ratio of p-motors to m-motors, the more likely it is that the filament will be transported in the p direction. However, one can guess that the losing motors will not detach completely, but will try to rebind again, thereby hindering and slowing down the winning motors (31). An advanced tug-of-war model that considers the force-dependent unbinding rates of both motor types has been computed and discussed extensively in the literature (32), especially in the context of myosin, kinesin, and dynein motors, and has found wide acceptance.