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Adverse side-effects (inflammation, rejection, calcification) were not observed. The multilamellar collagen I membrane can be considered as an effective tool for tendon defect repair and tendon augmentation. ? 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 738�C745, 2013 ""Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure to correct acetabular orientation in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). It changes the position Alectinib manufacturer of the acetabulum to increase femoral head coverage and distribute the contact pressure over the cartilage surface. The success of PAO depends significantly on the surgeon's experience. Using computed tomography data from patients with DDH, we developed a 3D finite element (FE) model to investigate the optimal position of the acetabulum following PAO. A virtual PAO was performed with the acetabulum rotated in increments from the original center edge (CE) angle. Contact area, contact pressure, and Von Mises stress in the femoral and pelvic cartilage were analyzed. Five dysplastic hips from four patients were modeled. Contact area, contact pressure, and Von Mises stress in the cartilage all varied according to the change of CE angle through virtual PAO. An optimal position could be achieved for the acetabulum that maximizes the contact area while minimizing the contact pressure and von Mises stress in the pelvic and femoral cartilage. The optimal position of the acetabulum was patient dependent and did not always correspond to what would be considered Sitaxentan a ��normal�� CE angle. We demonstrated Selleck Anticancer Compound Library for the first time the interrelation of correction angle, contact area, and contact pressure between the pelvic and femoral cartilage in PAO surgery. ? 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 472�C479, 2013 ""In this study, we observed a combinatorial relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles to extend the distal phalanx via the terminal tendon of the finger extensor. Eleven fresh-frozen human cadaver digit rays were used in these experiments (four index, four middle, three ring digits). All fingers had full joint motion without degenerative diseases. Fingers were individually mounted in a custom built jig fixed by a 1-mm Kirschner wire that was driven into the rotational center of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal joints. Loads were applied to the extensor digit and dorsal interosseous tendons without flexor tendons, via sutures attached over low-friction pulleys. Extension forces that crossed the DIP joint were measured by a force transducer coupled with a materials-testing machine. We observed a steep inclination of the extensor forces produced by the intrinsic muscles, and there were no significant differences in comparisons among loads (200, 400, 600, and 800?g). The inclination slope increased with an increase of load (p?