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Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). 2.3.4. Autonomic nervous function Autonomic nervous activity was evaluated by power spectrum analysis of heart beat intervals, which were obtained by recording pulse waves from the finger in 13 women who were randomly recruited from among the study participants in 2013. Pulse waves were recorded while each participant sat in a chair for 5 minutes in a quiet room, after they had spent 5 minutes at rest in the waiting room immediately before and after undergoing body massage and cupping treatments, which were performed on each subject for 15�C20 minutes. Two major power components [i.e., low-frequency (LF; 0.014�C0.15?Hz) power and high-frequency (HF; 0.15�C0.4?Hz) power] were observed with the aid ARAF of a biophysical analyzer (ProComp, Thought Technology Ltd., Montreal, Canada). The LF power indicates sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous activities, selleck products whereas the HF power indicates only parasympathetic activity. The ratio of LF power to HF power shows the balance of autonomic nervous activity. The autonomic nervous activity was analyzed for the last 4 minutes in the pulse records. 2.4. Data analysis All data were expressed as the mean value �� the standard deviation. Significant differences before and after the OHCP were statistically evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Mann�CWhitney U test was used for comparisons between the results of the body composition measures in participants with a BMI >25 or a BMI mean decrease in body Pictilisib chemical structure weight was 6.6?kg (11.1%), 7.0?kg (11.5%), and 6.1?kg (10.0%) in 2011, 2012, and 2013. There were individual differences in weight loss with a range of 1.8�C12.3?kg among all 67 participants in the 3-year study. A concomitant reduction in the waist, thigh, and arm circumference measures was also observed after the OHCP, as Table?3 shows. Table?2 Basic characteristics of participants and changes in body weight, BFP, and BMI before and after OHCP. Table?3 Changes in the circumference of body regions before and after the OHCP treatments. 3.2. BFP and BMI All participants experienced significant decreases in the BFP (p?