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Third, the total number and mean FA value of the fibers generated from the cluster seed were calculated and then compared between the SPD and CON groups with a significance threshold of P = 0.05. Moreover, fibers connecting to clusters with connectivity decreases were visualized using common brain WM tractography to show the Biperiden HCl WM pathways potentially affected by the disease. The normal brain DTI template of the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT; Zhang et al., 2011) in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI)-152 space was used as a common brain WM reference. Briefly, the cortical clusters with significant FiCD decreases identified in previous between-group comparisons were transformed to MNI-152 volume space and then used as seeds to generate the associated fiber tracts based on the IIT tractography. Thus, the generated fiber tracks represented the normal WM fibers connecting to the cortical area of interest and corresponded anatomically to the fiber pathways linking to the cortex showing disconnection in the SPD group. Results Sample Characteristics There was no significant difference in total brain volume (P = 0.13) or total WM volume (P = 0.40) between the SPD and control groups. The SPD group showed significantly PI3K inhibitor (P FiCD value were found in regions including the cingulate Sirolimus purchase gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis, and precuneus. Moreover, the cortical FiCD showed a general symmetrical distribution between the left and right hemispheres. Compared with that of the CON group, the rostral middle frontal gyrus (crossing BA 9 and BA 10) of the SPD group showed significantly decreased FiCD (Figure ?Figure3A3A). A significantly increased FiCD was found in the SPD group in the anterior part of the fusiform/inferior temporal cortices (P