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To test the hypothesis that specific patterns of cognitive deficit lead depressive individuals to consider suicide as the only means of escaping extreme psychological pain, it is important to examine in future studies if the pain avoidance contribution to a suicidal act is partially mediated through cognitive inflexibility. Several limitations of the present study should be noted. All participants were outpatients with at least one previous major depressive episode, but analyses did not control for medication status. The correlative study design prevented the assessment of causal relationships among depression, psychological pain, and suicide. Further longitudinal research including concurrent individual interviews is needed to more fully understand the cognitive process of psychological pain with respect to suicide among depressive patients. Future studies should also seek to specify goal-directed paradigms to investigate neural correlations of lazabemide pain avoidance among individuals who have attempted suicide using Veliparib in vivo event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, because this sample consisted of patients with major depressive disorders, caution should be used when generalizing the current findings to individuals with other nonaffective psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, posttraumatic mental disorder, and personality disorder. ""Several agencies have emphasized the importance of establishing clear protocols or procedures to address the needs of youths who are identified as suicidal through suicide prevention programs or in emergency department settings. What constitutes optimal guidelines for developing and implementing such protocols, however, is unclear. At the request of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, we provide an overview of recommendations, as well as steps taken in conjunction with selected prevention programs and in emergency department settings to address the needs and improve the care of these youths. ""Prior research has identified a negative association between suicidal ideation and help-seeking, a phenomenon called ��help-negation.�� Help-negation has been documented to occur for both professional and nonprofessional DAPT sources of help. In this study help-seeking attitudes, stigma concerns, and perceptions of social support were examined as possible mediators of help-negation. Data were collected from a nonclinical sample of college undergraduates at a midwestern university (N = 321). Findings provided partial support for the mediation hypotheses. Help-seeking attitudes and stigma were significant predictors of help-seeking intentions (�� = .34 and �� = -.17, p