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Capacity to vary cortisol may be the appropriate measurement to interpret associations with chronic diseases, including obesity, best measured by variability within a person, not central tendency. On each of 217 policemen, 18 saliva specimens were obtained for cortisol. Statistical models examined the associations of within-subjects (W-S) cortisol standard deviation (SD) and W-S cortisol mean with waist circumference and four body composition indexes: BMI, and three derived from DEXA: fat-mass, and trunk and extremities PRDX5 lean-mass. Explained variance and the functional nature of associations are reported. Associations of anthropometrics with W-S cortisol mean were not statistically significant at P?Selleck Tariquidar predicting LMIt, associations with W-S cortisol SD remained significant. The functional association between LMIt and W-S cortisol SD is progressively ��hockey stick,�� monotonic increasing, and flattens at joint high values. Results support inferences that LMIt measures visceral adiposity and W-S cortisol variability appears to be an appropriate construct to measure in association with visceral adiposity. The ��hockey stick�� character of the association is consistent with other investigations suggesting obesity is associated with less W-S cortisol variation; however, the monotonic increase and flattening of association at increasing W-ScortisolSD values suggests a more complex association, potentially interpretable by allostasis models of causation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:499�C507, 2013. ? 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ""5432" "In October the New York City Council voted to ban people younger than 21 from buying or being sold cigarettes. The Guardian reports the city council voted overwhelmingly in October to raise the age from 18 to 21 for cigarettes, certain tobacco products and e-cigarettes. The federal age requirement for buying cigarettes is 18, which some states previously raised to 19. Another measure sets a minimum price of $10.50 a pack for Autophagy inhibitor supplier tobacco cigarettes and there will be an increased law enforcement focus on illegal tobacco sales. The moves were prompted by statistics showing the youth smoking rate has remained steady at 8.5% since 2007. ��We have to do more and that's what we're doing today,�� said Christine Quinn, the council Speaker. ��We have a real chance of leading the country and the world.�� The minimum age bill will take effect 180 days after enactment. ��We know that tobacco dependence can begin very soon after a young person first tries smoking so it's critical that we stop young people from smoking before they ever start,�� the then Mayor Michael Bloomberg said.