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In our correlation studies, we found no individuals with an EDV 80% stenosis. From a data bank of duplex scans, all individuals who had at least one scan in the period from 2002 to 2007 demonstrating one or both of their carotid arteries to have an EDV of 100 to 124 cm/second were identified. As the laboratory is a part of our clinical practice, nearly all had clinical files with demographics and clinical histories that would be pertinent to cerebrovascular disease. The few individuals sent to the laboratory only for diagnostic tests were excluded Cilengitide in vitro from analysis as necessary clinical information was not available. We divided the patients into two groups, those who were advised to have early CEA or CAS (click here CEA or CAS, an effort was made to determine the reason they were selected for intervention. For those who did not have early intervention, follow-up evaluation consisted of assessment of subsequent duplex scans and clinical information from office and hospital records. For those not recently evaluated, efforts were made to contact the patients for a follow-up duplex scan and clinic visit. When a return to the clinic was not possible, clinical data from the patient, the patient's family members, or physician was used to determine if the individual had sustained a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke, died, or had undergone surgery elsewhere. Endpoints for this study were the development of ipsilateral neurological symptoms (stroke and TIA), progression of the ICA EDV to ��125 cm/second or occlusion of the artery, carotid intervention, and death. Of the 6735 carotid duplex scans performed in our laboratory from 2002 through 2007, 144 patients were identified as having an EDV of 100 to 124 cm/second. One individual was found to have velocities of 100 to 124 cm/second in both carotid arteries. In all, there were 144 patients and 145 arteries identified for study. Of the 144 patients, 47 were advised to have early surgery. Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase Thirty-eight had surgery within 2 months of determining they had an EDV of ��124 cm/second. Six had surgery within 3 to 5 months. The remaining 3 patients had surgery delayed (7, 8, and 13 months) for various medical or personal reasons. These were included in the early surgery group as it was the intent to perform CEA or CAS. The remaining 97 patients were initially advised not to have surgery and were placed on medical therapy. Of the 47 patients who had early procedures, a review of their medical records was conducted to determine the reason they were selected for intervention. Ten had ipsilateral symptoms. Three had contralateral carotid artery occlusion confirmed by MRA.