Ways To Recognise A Legitimate FK228

The normative data provided in this study will aid researchers in assessing degree of impairment with more accuracy. For typically developing children, recognition of sadness, anger and happiness from facial expressions is highly accurate in early childhood. However, the ability to recognize facial expressions of fear, disgust and (to a lesser extent) surprise, matures significantly over the course of late childhood and adolescence. If changing face and emotion recognition abilities serve as good model to understand adolescent development more generally (as suggested by Scherf et al., 2012), then researching changes in these abilities may be instrumental to developing our understanding of behavioral and mental health vulnerabilities within the teenage years. Adolescence represents a time of particular vulnerability for developing difficulties that could be seen as being associated with emotion processing or emotional regulation. For example, mood disorders such as depression and generalized anxiety disorder become increasingly prevalent in adolescence (Zuckerbrot and Jensen, 2006; Beesdo et al., 2009) and the onset of schizophrenia is often seen toward the end of the teenage years (Gogtay et al., 2011). In addition rates of antisocial behavior peak in adolescence (see Fairchild et al., 2013 for a review). Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and conduct disorder (which is common in those demonstrating antisocial behavior) have all been associated with deficits in facial emotion recognition Selleckchem FK228 accuracy (Demenescu et al., 2010; Ventura et al., 2013; Weightman et al., 2014; Sully et al., 2015). Potentially, assessing facial emotion recognition abilities in at-risk individuals might allow the detection of potential vulnerabilities, which, in turn, may have implications for intervention strategies that could provide experiential input that may encourage more appropriate emotional development during this sensitive period. As such, a fuller understanding of some of these issues could have implications for teenage mental health provision, secondary education and the remediation and legal treatment of young-offenders. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Acknowledgments This research was supported by The National Alliance for Autism Research (NAAR) and the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation. Thanks to Tim Cole for providing advice on sample size for this study. Many thanks to Paul Ekman for providing the stimuli for this study. Data collection was assisted by Deborah Bernstein, Sarah Brand, David Spektor, and William Mandy.