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e. on motor axons between the spinal cord and the stimulation site over the motor nerve. These results suggest that the V�\wave facilitation induced by conditioning TMS could be linked to the removal of efferent impulses by collision with anditromic impulses (Upton et al. 1971). However, conditioning stimulations had been evoked during submaximal voluntary contractions that could affect the effect of TMS on V�\waves amplitude leading to misinterpretation Temozolomide price of the nature of the collision. Therefore, to assess whether this effect was related to the background EMG activity linked to weak voluntary contractions, additional data obtained at rest were recorded in six subjects on FCR muscle. The results DDR1 showed that conditioning TMS effect over supramaximal nerve stimulation can induce, after the Mmax response, a late electrophysiological response with a similar latency to that of the H�\reflex. As for the calf muscles, the range of ISIs as well as starting�\ending values that induced this response were close to those determined by using MEPmax, Hmax and Mmax latencies. These results suggest that neural processes generating the late electrophysiological response at rest were similar to those involved in the facilitation of the V�\wave during weak voluntary contraction. Several possible neural mechanisms can explain the late muscle response occurrence at rest. The first possibility, due to facilitation effect of the cortical descending impulses generated by TMS on the motoneuronal pool, is an increase of the F�\wave. This response recorded at rest results from antidromic activation of a number of motoneurones following supramaximal Veliparib manufacturer nerve stimulation (Thorne 1965; Panayiotopoulos and Chroni 1996). The F�\wave is known to present low persistence (proportion of stimulation in which an F�\wave is present) and high variability in the latency (Panayiotopoulos and Chroni 1996). In the present study, the results obtained for the FCR muscle demonstrating a high persistence (late response present for every trail) and low variability in the latency (17.98 �� 0.56 msec, variation coefficient