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Although subjects were instructed to prioritize accuracy over speed of their responses, we also analyzed response times (RTs) to assess whether manipulating positive evidence impacted a metric of performance that may be sensitive to different aspects of processing than d��. Trials with RTs exceeding �� 3 SD of the mean of each condition were excluded and RTs were log-transformed, prior Ro3280 to averaging across trials, to adjust for the strong positive skew of the data. (Note that we report mean RTs prior to log-transformation for ease of interpretation.) We additionally analyzed median RTs. Paired-sample t-tests were used to compare the effects of evidence on RTs during the perceptual task and a 2 (positive evidence: low or high) by 2 (load: 1 or 3) repeated-measure Epigenetics inhibitor ANOVA was used on RTs from the WM task. Results Perceptual Task In line with prior findings (Zylberberg et al., 2012; Koizumi et al., 2015), we observed significantly higher confidence ratings for stimuli with high, as compared to low positive evidence [t(1,14) = 3.07, p = 0.008], yet we detect no reliable difference in d�� [t(1,14) = 0.95, p = 0.36; see Figure ?Figure1C1C]. The Bayes factor for the effect of positive evidence on d�� was 0.11, favoring the interpretation that the non-significant p-value is truly due to a null effect (specifically, this indicates that the null is 9 times more likely than the alternative). Analysis of RTs revealed a reliable effect of positive evidence [t(1,14) = 7.24, p �� 64 ms], indicating faster responses for stimuli with high positive evidence, mirroring with the effects of positive evidence on confidence. This relationship was observed when using median RTs as well [t(1,14) = 5.04, p Erastin order showed no differences between high and low positive evidence [t(1,14) = 0.57, p = 0.572], suggesting that subjects were not reliably more biased toward responding with a particular orientation as a function of positive evidence. To better understand how the average difference in perceptual confidence that we observed translates to subjects�� use of the confidence scale, we analyzed the proportion of trials on which each confidence rating was used as a function of the level of positive evidence (see Figure ?Figure1D1D). Paired-sample t-tests at each confidence level indicate that reducing positive evidence led to a reduced frequency of ��3�� responses and an increased frequency of ��1�� responses (p-value per confidence rating: pconf1 = 0.024, pconf2 = 0.41, pconf3 = 0.044, pconf4 = 0.11). This suggests that low positive evidence was associated with a leftward shift of the distribution of confidence scores, resulting in reliable pairwise changes at levels 3 and 1. Together, these results indicate that our stimuli reliably induced relative blindsight.