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001) compared to the conventional technique (2D-fluoroscopy vs. conventional: 1.3�� faster, p?=?0.003), whereas in human cadaver specimen there were no differences regarding the screw placement time. The fluoroscopic time and the radiation dose with regard to image acquisition and screw placement are listed in Table 1. For image acquisition, SB431542 the fluoroscopic time was significantly longer using 3D-fluoroscopy compared to 2D-fluoroscopy (Synbone pelvis model: 7.8��, p?check details 3D-fluoroscopy: 2.2��, p?Tryptophan synthase different groups, we observed a trend towards a higher percentage of correct screw positions (grade 0?=?0?mm perforation) in the 3D-fluoroscopy-based navigation group (65 screws, 93%) compared to the 2D-fluoroscopy-based group (56 screws, 80%) and the conventional group (60 screws, 86%). However, comparing the 3D- and 2D-fluoroscopy-based navigation groups these differences were statistically significant (p?=?0.020) ( Table 2). Of the 29 of 210 (13.8%) periacetabular placed screws that had perforated the bony cortices or articular surface, 17 (58.7%) screws were retrograde posterior column screws (conventional: 6; 2D-fluoroscopy: 9; 3D-fluoroscopy: 2), 9 (31.0%) retrograde anterior column screws (conventional: 2; 2D-fluoroscopy: 4; 3D-fluoroscopy: 3), and 3 (10.3%) supraacetabular screws II (conventional: 2; 2D-fluoroscopy: 1; 3D-fluoroscopy: 0) (Fig. 2). Analysing the screw deviation severity of the 210 periacetabular screws, there were 1.3�� lower deviations when using the 3D-fluorocopy-based navigation compared to the 2D-fluoroscopy-based navigation (p?=?0.002) or the conventional technique (p?=?0.012) ( Table 3; Fig. 3).