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In patients with Candida peritonitis, the median length of stay in hospital before admission onto ICU was 3?days. Concomitant candidaemia was documented in 26 (28%) patients. The median time from surgery to collection of the first positive sample was 9?days. The time from admission onto ICU to the first positive blood culture was ��5?days in 14/26 (54%) patients. Candidaemic patients did not differ from other patients, except for a higher sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (Table?1). Candida-positive specimens were obtained from other sites in 23 patients (skin/soft tissues (n?=?3), urinary tract (n?=?9), respiratory tract (n?=?8), abdomen (n?=?9), venous access (n?=?3) and selleck screening library mucosa (n?=?4)). Patients with nosocomial infection were younger than those with community-acquired infections (median 63 vs 75?years, respectively, p?0.02) and had received more antibacterial therapy (48% vs 15%, respectively, p?0.01). In the group of nosocomial peritonitis, the time from hospitalization to admission onto ICU and the time from central venous catheter insertion to onset of Candida infection were longer GABA cancer than in community-acquired infections (median 5 vs 0.5?days, p?ALG1 anaerobes (n?=?15). Two of these 53 patients also had concomitant bacteraemia. There were no significant differences of clinical characteristics between patients with concomitant bacterial infection and patients with isolated Candida peritonitis (data not shown). In the 93 episodes of peritonitis, 108 Candida isolates were identified (Fig.?1). The proportion of non-albicans Candida spp. was 45% (38/85 isolates) in nosocomial infections, 30% (7/16 isolates) in community-acquired infections, 45% (28/62 isolates) in patients with concomitant bacterial infections and 37% (17/29 isolates) in those with isolated Candida infections. Two different Candida species were found in 15 patients, mainly C.?albicans associated with C.?glabrata (n?=?7). In the 26 patients with candidaemia, the same species were identified from blood cultures and peritoneal fluid samples (Fig.?1). In the 33 patients with solid tumours, C.?albicans was found in 22, C.?glabrata in eight, C.?kefyr in four, C.?krusei in two, C.?tropicalis in one and C.?ciferii in one. In the eight patients with previous exposure to azole agents, C.?albicans was found in four, C.?glabrata in four, and C.?krusei in one.