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Two hundred and fourteen (34%) patients died in the ICU. Risk factors for colonization or infection with bacteria at ICU admission are presented in Table?1. The microbiological results are presented in Tables?2 and 3. The results concerning the accuracy of ATS/IDSA criteria in predicting colonization or infection with MDR bacteria at ICU admission are presented in Table?4. At ICU admission, 402 of 625 (64%) patients had at least one risk factor for MDR bacteria according to ATS/IDSA guidelines. Among patients with suspected infection, 307 of 383 (80%) had at least one risk factor Selleck BLU9931 for infection with MDR bacteria according to ATS/IDSA guidelines. In patients with microbiologically confirmed infection, initial antimicrobial treatment was appropriate in 122 of 146 (84%) patients, and in 74 of 88 (84%) patients with pneumonia. The rate of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment was lower in patients with infection caused by MDR bacteria than in patients with infection caused by other bacteria (28 of 41 (68%) vs. 94 of 105 (90%) patients; p?0.004, OR?0.2, 95%?CI?0.1�C0.6). In patients Suplatast tosilate with pneumonia, adherence to ATS/IDSA guidelines was associated with a significantly higher rate of appropriate initial antibiotic treatment (71 of 76 (93%) vs. two of 12 (17%) patients; p?ATR inhibitor more frequently performed in patients with appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment of infections than in patients with inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment(33 of 122 (27%) vs. 0 of 24; p?0.001; OR?1.3, 95%?CI?1.2�C1.5). In patients with suspected pneumonia, adherence to ATS/IDSA guidelines was associated with a higher rate of de-escalation (25 of 184 (14%) vs. 0 of 39; p?