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Given that these nucleosomes were purified from plant material, we do not exclude that posttranslational modifications, for example acetylation, may be involved in modulating this response. Importantly, our assay is performed on highly purified material, indicating that the dynamic responses we observe are an inherent property resulting from the nucleosome-DNA interactions. Our finding that the degree of local unwrapping of DNA on H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes is reduced compared to H2A nucleosomes suggests a direct Androgen Receptor Antagonist mechanism by which transcription can be adjusted according to the temperature of the cell. Because temperature changes represent a fundamental challenge to all sessile organisms, we sought to determine if control of temperature transcriptomes might be a conserved function of the H2A.Z nucleosomes in eukaryotes generally. find more To test this, we analyzed the role of the budding yeast H2A.Z, Htz1, in temperature signaling. The Htz1 transcriptome has been previously determined (Meneghini et?al., 2003), and we therefore tested to see if those genes that are misregulated in the htz1�� background also show a corresponding change when wild-type yeast are shifted from 29��C to 33��C ( Gasch et?al., 2000). Strikingly, we see a significant correlation (R2 = 0.30, p Adenylate cyclase showing that H2A.Z nucleosomes provide information on the thermal status of the cell. Nucleosomes play an active role in controlling transcriptional processes through modulating the ability of transcription factors to access their cis elements or occluding the passage of RNA Pol II ( Lam et?al., 2008?and?Segal and Widom, 2009). Access of proteins to DNA wrapped around histones is mediated through local unwrapping events. This unwrapping is not affected by changes in ambient temperature in our study and others for H2A-containing nucleosomes ( Polach and Widom, 1995). By contrast, H2A.Z nucleosomes exhibit a much tighter wrapping of their DNA, consistent with studies of nucleosomal stability ( Thambirajah et?al., 2006).