I Failed to Realise That!: Top 50 Adenosine Of The Year

""There is increasing evidence suggesting involvement of the renin�Cangiotensin system (RAS) in carbohydrate metabolism and its response to stress. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chronic inhibition of the RAS on glucose and insulin levels during acute restraint stress. Male Holtzman rats were treated with 10?mg/kg per day enalapril solution or vehicle for 14?days. After 14?days, rats were divided into three experimental groups: enalapril?+ restraint (ER), vehicle?+?restraint (VR) Adenosine and enalapril?+ saline (ES). Rats in the restraint groups were subjected to 30?min restraint stress, whereas rats in the ES groups were given saline infusion instead. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 5, 10, 20 and 30?min restraint stress or saline infusion. After restraint, a hyperglycaemic response was observed in the ER and VR groups that peaked at 20 and 10?min, respectively (P?selleck chemicals increased in the ER and VR groups compared with that in the ES group (P?GW786034 order results of the present study reinforce that the RAS is involved in modulating responses to stress and suggest that RAS inhibition with enalapril may increase glucose-induced insulin secretion in response to acute restraint. ""The enteric nervous system modulates intestinal behaviours, such as motor patterns and secretion. Although much is known about different types of neurons and simple reflexes in the intestine, it remains unclear how complex behaviours are generated. Mathematical modelling is an important tool for assisting the understanding of how the neurons and reflexes can be pieced together to generate intestinal behaviours. Models have identified a functional role for slow excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) by distinguishing between fast and slow EPSPs in the ascending excitation reflex. These models also discovered coordinated firing of similarly located neurons as emergent properties of feed-forward networks of interneurons in the intestine. A model of the recurrent network of intrinsic sensory neurons identified important control mechanisms to prevent uncontrolled firing due to positive feedback and that the interaction between these control mechanisms and slow EPSPs is necessary for the networks to encode ongoing sensory stimuli. This model also showed that such networks may mediate migrating motor complexes.