In line with previous observationsour results further strengthen the concept of selective preservation

The degradation of mRNA transcripts is a possible reason for the inconsistency between transcriptional and translational levels. Some inducible gene transcripts can be degraded immediately after translation and even in the course of translation. The weak correlation between transcription and protein levels may result from many factors, and thus further investigation is required to elucidate specific mechanisms. Biomarkers are signal indicators that can form in response to environmental pollutants, and thus they are widely used for ecological risk assessment in aqueous environments. CK is an important kinase, directly related to energy operations in cell, muscle contraction and ATP regeneration. It catalyzes the reversible transfer of high energy phosphate from ATP to creatine, and further facilitates storage of energy in the form of phosphocreatine, which ensures energy requirements for cell tissues and cellular physiological activities. Because muscle cells are rich in CK, the CK levels in the supernatant of tissue will be elevated when muscle fibers are destroyed and it will lead to the release of large amounts of CK into the blood. Serum Cr concentration is proportional to the amount of exercise, and is also regarded as an important indicator for injured glomerular filtration function because a certain quantity of Cr can’t be absorbed by the nephridial tubule after filtration. At lesions in kidneys, the level of serum Cr will increase due to Cr blockage of excretion, and thus it is an important indicator to assess renal function. In the 9.38-mg/L DKA treatment, a sudden increase of CK activity and Cr concentration was observed concomitantly with accelerated zebrafish speed. In contrast, CK activities were substantially decreased in the 45 and 60 mg/L DKA treatments when compared with the 9.38 mg/L DKA treatment. Decreased zebrafish speed resulted in less energy demand, which further affected the CK activity. The levels of Cr in zebrafish serum in high-dose DKA treatment exposure were significantly lower than those of the control group, suggesting a significant inhibiting effect of DKAs on zebrafish locomotor activity. This inhibition of locomotor activity decreases the energy requirement of zebrafish by reducing Cr concentration in the blood through metabolism, which was consistent with the results of the behavioral study. Heart rate is the most sensitive index to evaluate cardiac function. The development process of the zebrafish heart has a similar gene-regulating pathway to that of humans. The heart valve of zebrafish forms at 48 hpf, and a perfect cardiovascular circulation system forms at 72 hpf. If cardiac development is affected, the location of the atrium and ventricle will alter accordingly resulting in difference in the SV-BA distance, which is an important index of cardiac cyclization degree. As a result, the effect of drugs on the heart can be quantified by measuring the SV-BA distance. Because there are many factors that can lead to decreasing zebrafish heart rate, the specific mechanism responsible for this change is not clearly known. In this experiment, the damaged myocardial cells affect the scalability of the heart, which finally result in slowing of the heart rate. It was first reported by Knorr et al. that ciprofloxacin could induce the prolongation of the Q-T interval. Later, many fluoroquinolone antibiotics were shown to prolong, the Q-T interval, which triggered an arrhythmia. Changing behavior is a comprehensive response to external and internal environmental changes. At an individual level, changes in biological behavior can reflect toxicological effects of environmental pollution on biological metabolism and the functions of nerve, muscle and organs. Jin et al. found that the insecticide bifenthrin increased the spontaneous movement frequency by prolonging repetitive action potential due to channel opening. In this research, the larvae exposed to 4.69 or 9.38-mg/L of DKAs had a higher swimming speed, suggesting that the lower DKA concentrations had an incentive effect on larval motor neuron function. Under conditions of light-to-dark stimulation, zebrafish behavior showed a regular biorhythm, i.e., first active after exposed to sudden darkness and then gradually becoming inactive. Based on the experimental results of the differentially expressed proteins, we speculated that the declining swimming ability of zebrafish may be due to abnormal muscle and innervation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that survives in many diverse environments. Well known as both a clinically and environmentally relevant organism, much of P. aeruginosa growth in these different niches is perceived to be as surface-associated biofilms. The surface characteristics, not just the nutrient conditions, for these diverse growth environments are highly variable. We were interested to understand how P. aeruginosa freely colonizes such different surface environments. P. aeruginosa and many other bacteria, including species found in diverse soil and water environments such as Serratia liquefaciens, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Proteus mirabilis, and Bacillus subtilis, colonize surfaces by swarming. Swarming is typically studied in the laboratory using semisolid plate assays. Swarming bacteria spread over surfaces by flagellar propulsion within a thin-liquid film layer on top of these agar plates.