Or ethnic groups in the U.S., age (=-0.4961), employment (unemployed

Health and menopausal status factors were associated with menopausal jir.2014.0149 symptoms. Green and Santoro32 reported that vasomotor symptoms were more common in women with greater BMI, challenging the widely held belief that obesity is protective against vasomotor symptoms. Also, recent studies indicated that women's body fat, especially increased abdominal subcutaneous adiposity, was associated with increased odds of menopausal symptoms, especially hot flashes.33 Those who typically report more menopausal symptoms tend to report poorer health in general. 29 Diagnosed diseases such as breast cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular and coronary heart disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, thyroid disease, and Alzheimer's disease were also reported associated with menopausal symptoms.34 ; 73:8485?495. [PubMed: 10482601NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptImmunol Rev.] Peri-menopausal women, hormone users, and women who were surgically menopaused had more vasomotor symptoms compared with other women in the menopausal transition as well. 12, 29 Being peri- or post-menopausal, using tamoxifen, having depressive symptoms, and using a vitamin E or phytoestrogen supplement were significantly associated with reporting moderate/several vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer survivors.1 A high perceived stress level was linked to menopausal symptoms.35 Nocturia was associated with parity, and urinary incontinence was prevalent among multiparae compared with nulliparae.36 Other conditions that were reported in association with menopausal symptoms included: contraceptives (hormone-based), steroid use, and symptom sensitivity.37 The use ofNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author In vivoCFSE-labeled splenocytes (three ?107) from LCMV-immune C57BL6 mice have been adoptively transferred ManuscriptANS Adv Nurs Sci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 April 1.ImPagecomplementary and alternative medicine, including acupuncture, ginkgo biloba, soy supplement, ginseng, etc., was also reported associated with menopausal symptoms.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptThe quantitative findings of the MOMS study also suggested that health and menopausal status might be the factors that influenced the menopausal symptom experience of Asian immigrant women. Across the four ethnic groups, general health status (=--.84, p1.64028E+14 (=0.4039, p