The Great, The Not So Good And EPZ5676

org/data/topic/map.aspx?ind=16). According to a recent WHO report based on the geographical profile in 2010, the prevalence of the disease per 100?000 population was 5.9 in Germany, 15 in the UK, 18 in Spain, 29 in Poland, and 24 in Turkey (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/?vid=500). Overall, during the last 15?years, there has been a steady decline in the prevalence of TB cases in Turkey [28]; the rate of LY2109761 in vitro the WHO definition. However, TB still continues to be included in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin in clinical practice in Turkey [29�C31]. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (defined as isolates that are non-susceptible to isoniazid and rifampicin) is relatively low [32]; the reported figures vary between 2% and 21% [33�C36]. According to the ��Fight against Tuberculosis 2009 Report�� of the Turkish Ministry of Health (MoH), the frequency of MDR strains was 3% in new cases, whereas it was reported to be 18% in previously treated patients. Overall, this report indicated that the rate of MDR TB was 5% [37]. On the other MAPK hand, extensively drug-resistant TB (defined as MDR isolates resistant to any fluoroquinolone and one or more of the three injectable anti-TB drugs: capreomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin) was reported to be approximately 0�C2.5% in Turkey [38,39]. There have been many case reports of Lyme disease from Turkey [40�C43]. The seropositivity rate was reported to be 17% in patients with a history of tick bite in central Anatolia [44], and Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, was found to be active in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Turkey [45]. However, solid data seem to be substantially lacking for the epidemiology of Lyme disease in Turkey. In the past history, rickettsioses had subtantial impacts on the Turkish population [46�C48]. The use of molecular genetic tools and cell culture assays have significantly improved the discovery of new agents, and consequently three new ehrlichioses and 12 rickettsioses have been described worldwide since EPZ5676 1980 [49]. On the other hand, old rickettsioses, such as epidemic typhus or scrub typhus, have re-emerged because of poor living standards [50]. A few small clusters of patients with disease related to Rickettsia conorii infection were observed in different parts of Turkey in the last decade [51�C53]. Also, there were sporadic case reports of rickettsioses throughout the country [54,55]. In 2010, 32.4?million people were living with HIV worldwide, and 1.8?million died of AIDS-related illnesses (http://www.who.int/gho/HIV/en/index.html). The first case in Turkey was reported in 1985 [56], and, by the end of December 2011, there were 5224 confirmed cases (http://pozitifyasam.org/tr/turkiyede-HIV-AIDS.html). Although it is very probable that there has been under-reporting, the current prevalence of the disease is accepted to be