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Despite the risk of multiple pregnancy, assisted reproductive techniques could have a beneficial effect on economic growth.4 The reproductive ageing process is thought to be dominated by a gradual decrease in both the quantity and quality AC220 molecular weight of the oocytes within the follicles in the ovarian cortex.Although classically regarded as biphasic, with a distinct acceleration at about the age of 38 years as women head towards the menopause, a more recent analysis5 suggests that the decay in follicle number is best described by a simple power calculation, with no sudden change in decay rate but an increasing rate of follicle loss as women age (Figure 1). The exception is during fetal life, when marked atresia occurs from an initial endowment of 6�C7 million follicles at 4 months, to 1�C2 million at birth. After birth this high rate of follicle loss slows so that at the menarche Ergoloid 300 000�C400 000 follicles remain, with a gradually accelerating decline to selleck of shortening of the length of the menstrual cycle by 2�C3 days (an initial indicator of ageing) and the last menstrual period have similar age distributions, with mean onset at 46 and 51 years, respectively.6 Although the reduction in follicle number is associated with chronological age, there is a great deal of individual variation at which the various reproductive events occur. This has prompted the development of ultrasound and biochemical markers that can estimate the follicle number more accurately.